РОЗДІЛ В МОНОГРАФІЇ

1. ….. Виноград: монография / под. ред. В. В. Власова. Одесса : Астропринт, 2018. С. 82-140.

СТАТТІ У ФАХОВИХ ВИДАННЯХ УКРАЇНИ

1. .

Officially, the laboratory of agrochemistry was organized in 1928 on the basis of the old laboratory, but the nutrient content in the soil under the vineyards was determined by scientists only one year after the opening of the Winery. Since 1906, annually, in connection with the allocation of new lands under the grape plantation, as well as under the old plantations, analyzes on the content of the main nutrients were carried out, as well as the salinity of the soil was determined. However, the first full agrochemical experiments were laid only in 1929.

On the initiative of then director of the Winery at Professor Georgiy Andriyovych Borovikov several research sites were organized at the station and in the nearest state farms of the Ukrsadvintrest system for the study of fertilizers under vineyards.

In 1931, the Winery was transformed into a Research Institute of Viticulture and Wine. There was an opportunity to expand research on viticulture, in particular, on agrochemistry. In the same year Vasyl Demyanovich Korniychuk began working at the institute, who has worked here for more than forty years. All achievements in the development of the fertilizer system of non-stalled vineyards in the south of Ukraine are related to the name of this talented scientist. Korniychuk V.D. became the first head of the laboratory of agrochemistry; While working at the institute, he defended his doctoral dissertation; headed and headed all scientific research related to agrochemistry, soil science and soil microbiology.

During the period from 1931 to 1934 an expedition was conducted on the survey of the Nizhnedneprovsk sands for planting vineyards. At the same time, the study of methods for pre-planting soil cultivation in various soil-climatic conditions was actively pursued.

As soon as these works were completed, from 1934 the laboratory switched to the laying of new experiments on the study of the effect of mineral and organic fertilizers on the growth and harvest of the grapevine. In 1935, the first research on the influence of microelements on crop and quality in vegetative vessels was laid.

In 1936, the staff of the laboratory consisted of three researchers and one laboratory assistant (Voskobinikov I. M., Komarova Olena Stepanivna, Korneichuk V.D.). In the same year he began working at the Laboratory of Agrochemistry Plakida Eugenia Kindrativna.

In the years 1939-1940, the staff of the laboratory of agrochemistry studied the terms and rules for introducing root nutrition of grapes (NKP and NR), as well as the influence of various potassium salts on the growth of the vine.

In 1940, the laboratory staff participated in the survey of soils for grape landing in the Donbas, where new areas were allocated to this culture.

The Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945 has long interrupted experiments on agrochemistry. Although the institute’s building was not significantly affected during hostilities, experiments (immediately upon return from evacuation) were hampered. The very important role played by this was the very severe drought in 1946.

In the postwar years, Natalia Alexeyevna Lagutinskaya, a chemist in education, began working in the laboratory, who worked there until 1974.

From 1949 to 1956, the laboratory developed a fertilizer system for southern vineyards of Ukraine and methods for improving the soil structure of vineyards (Izbash AG, Nemirovskaya Eva Isakivna).

Between 1953 and 1955, methods for improving the soil structure of vineyards of the southern regions of Ukraine were developed by introducing manure, gypsum and superphosphate, and through the cultivation of perennial grasses and legume grass mixtures. The influence of liming and fertilizer on the yield of vineyards in the Transcarpathian region was also studied. The executors of this part of the work were the scientific employees of the Transcarpathian reference point Rybkina E.A. and Zikova L.M.

In 1958-1960 years, work on the topic «Study of the role of individual elements of nutrition and trace elements in increasing the yield of grapes and improving its quality» (Lagutinskaya N.O., Sichkar Yevgeniya Petrovna).

Since 1961, systematic microbiological studies of soil have begun and the development of agrotechnical methods for improving the activity of soil microorganisms under vineyards has begun. These issues from 1961 to 1980 were engaged in kbn. Popova Katerina Georgievna.

At the beginning of the sixties, many young specialists and graduate students (Mazalov Ali Abdulovich, Anatoliy Samsonov) worked in the laboratory. From 1963 to 1970, research was conducted on the theme «Clarification of methods for pre-planting soil preparation under vineyards on slopes and in areas with low productive land» (Valery Tsibulsky, Anatoliy Alexandrovich Sikyrnytsky, Peshev V.V., Maslenikov G.P.).

Since 1971, a new section on «Exploring new types of fertilizers for grapes and highlighting the best of them for chernozems and sandy soils of the Ukrainian SSR» was included in the research topic of the Institute. In the same year, microbiologists have begun studies to study the distribution of phosphate decomposing microorganisms in the ground between rows of vineyards (1971-1975 gg.). At the same time, the test of bacterial drugs on the grafted grape skin continued.

Supervision of the laboratory from 1974 to 1980 was carried out by the Ph.D. Peter Yakovlevich Blizhyn. Under his leadership, a serious study «Types and forms of potassium fertilizers for vineyards on loamy chernozem» was carried out.

In April 1980, the head of the Laboratory of Agrochemistry and Soil Science was appointed Ph.D. Ivan Grishovich Shashkov. He headed the laboratory until 1993.

Under his leadership, extensive practical work on the development of a system of fertilizers in vineyards and generalization of experiments in Ukraine for 40 years has been carried out to develop standards for the use of mineral fertilizers for vineyards of different growing zones, as well as generalization of quantitative indicators of the fertility level of different types of soils of vineyards, which are necessary for the design of new vineyards (Ivan Shashkov, Anatoly Mikhailovich Samsonov, Borys Kardantovych Shardakov, Julia Voloshina). During the time of his administration a large team of the laboratory of agrochemistry and a separate laboratory of mass analyzes was formed. A group of mass analyzes at different times was headed by Shardakova Faina Merzianovna and Ph.D. Ivanova Raisa Borisovna.

For 13 years, Shashkov I.G. was able to organize the laboratory team so that this period can be considered one of the most fruitful in its history. In those years, they published 67 scientific works in special journals, separate sections in the manual on viticulture, in manuals and in the book «Industrial Winegrowing».

From 1993 to 2005 the head of the laboratory of agrochemistry was elected Ph.D. Anatolii Mikhailovich Samsonov. Under his guidance, work was carried out on the creation of a nutrient substrate on the basis of zeolite to grow the landing and clonal material of grapes (Samsonov AM, Ivanova RB, Baklanova Lyudmila Vasylivna).

According to the research materials, three copyright certificates and two patents of Ukraine were received. In those years, work was continued on minimizing soil tillage in vineyards for pre-planting soil preparation and it was proposed to use deep loosening (up to 65 cm) using the PPVM-15000 stack only by planting the vineyard (Samsonov AM, Shardakov B.K., Alexander Vlasov, Lyudmila Fedorovna Arnautova, Natalya Dragonenko). After development by the mechanics of the Institute of Vine Ripper RV-3, this development is widely used by winemakers in Ukraine.

Since 2001, the laboratory of agrochemistry was first tested for carrying out analytical measurements of the composition and quality of soil, irrigation water, and the quality of seedlings, for which purpose it has the necessary certificated equipment.

Since 2005, the laboratory of agrochemistry has become part of the newly created department of grape ecology. Since the beginning of 2006, the Laboratory of Agrochemistry of the Department of Ecology of Grapes began to work Ph.D. Kuzmenko Artem Sergeevich, Associate Professor Vlasova Olena Yuryevna, engineer Gazibar Varvara Dmitrievna, laboratory assistant Skrypnyk Lyudmila Vyacheslavivna. From 2007, Zlatova (Kuzmenko) Evgenia Ilyivna came to the laboratory from the department of reproduction of grapes, which in the future successfully defended her thesis on the study of the complex action of heavy metals on a grape plant in 2011.

Since 2013, in connection with the sharp decrease in the number of scientific staff in the department of viticulture and for its strengthening, the laboratory of agrochemicals entered as a separate unit in the department of viticulture. At the same time, the engineer-metrologist Demyanenko Vasily Matveyevich was enrolled in the laboratory, who worked at the institute in general for more than 50 years, in the beginning of 2018 he finally went to a well-deserved rest.

During all time of the existence of the laboratory of agrochemistry, eight candidate master’s theses were prepared and defended (Lagutinskaya Natalia Aleksievna, Ivan Shashkov, Samsonov Anatoliy Mikhailovich, Vasily Makarovych, Vasily Shardakov, Vitaly Stepanovich Chysnikov, Anatoly Alexandrovich Sikyrnytsky, Evgenia Ilyivna Kuzmenko) and one doctoral dissertation dissertation work (Korniychuk Vasyl Demyanovich).

The results of many years of vineyard fertilization research in different regions of our country are summarized in two monographs and a book by Korniychuk V.D. and Plakidi E.K. (Fertilization of vineyards – Moscow: Kolos, 1975), methodical manuals and over 200 printed works in collections and magazines.